CIRCULAR T 216 ISSN 1143-1393 2006 JANUARY 11, 14h UTC BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES ORGANISATION INTERGOUVERNEMENTALE DE LA CONVENTION DU METRE PAVILLON DE BRETEUIL F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX TEL. +33 1 45 07 70 70 FAX. +33 1 45 34 20 21 tai@bipm.org 1 - Coordinated Universal Time UTC and its local realizations UTC(k). Computed values of [UTC-UTC(k)] and uncertainties valid for the period of this Circular. From 1999 January 1, 0h UTC, TAI-UTC = 32 s. From 2006 January 1, 0h UTC, TAI-UTC = 33 s. Date 2005 0h UTC NOV 30 DEC 5 DEC 10 DEC 15 DEC 20 DEC 25 DEC 30 Uncertainty/ns Notes MJD 53704 53709 53714 53719 53724 53729 53734 uA uB u Laboratory k [UTC-UTC(k)]/ns AOS (Borowiec) -7.8 9.7 -2.4 8.2 2.8 -1.4 -9.8 1.6 5.2 5.4 APL (Laurel) 25.6 17.1 26.4 36.3 24.5 16.8 2.6 1.6 5.2 5.5 AUS (Sydney) -740.1 -750.9 -759.2 -753.5 -749.6 -751.2 -755.4 3.2 6.4 7.2 BEV (Wien) 1.6 7.0 -2.1 -0.2 2.7 6.0 5.7 1.6 5.2 5.4 BIRM (Beijing) - - -1192.6 -1207.0 -1221.3 -1230.1 -1251.9 2.8 20.4 20.6 CAO (Cagliari) -1994.5 -1955.8 -1929.4 -1911.8 -1902.4 -1897.3 -1896.3 1.6 7.1 7.3 CH (Bern) -15.3 -12.3 -15.2 -14.6 -15.1 -13.5 -14.3 0.8 5.1 5.2 CNM (Queretaro) 16.6 14.0 14.2 4.6 -2.0 -1.7 0.1 5.0 20.4 21.0 CNMP (Panama) -4008.7 -4027.7 -4042.3 -4065.8 -4071.3 -4106.7 -4128.7 4.0 7.2 8.2 CSIR (Pretoria) 3142.1 3077.8 2996.4 2903.0 2831.1 2763.0 2704.4 3.0 20.1 20.3 DLR (Oberpfaffenhofen) - - - - - - - - - - DTAG (Darmstadt) -24.7 -27.6 -46.6 -45.6 -56.3 -63.2 -59.9 3.0 10.1 10.5 HKO (Hong Kong) 18.4 27.0 32.2 36.9 45.9 44.8 46.1 3.2 6.4 7.2 IEN (Torino) -9.9 -6.6 -7.7 -8.1 -6.8 -4.3 1.0 0.7 2.1 2.2 IFAG (Wettzell) -91.8 -86.7 -91.0 -95.1 -94.9 -96.1 -98.7 0.8 5.2 5.2 IGMA (Buenos Aires) 395.8 404.5 402.0 410.2 397.2 404.2 404.6 5.0 20.0 20.6 INPL (Jerusalem) 184.5 211.0 234.7 262.2 275.6 302.3 331.6 4.0 10.1 10.9 JATC (Lintong) 8.9 11.1 10.9 11.1 12.0 6.0 -0.1 2.7 21.0 21.1 JV (Kjeller) -5532.0 -5527.2 -5521.5 -5488.7 -5447.5 -5449.5 -5393.4 5.0 20.0 20.6 KRIS (Daejeon) 4.7 -5.9 -7.2 -11.7 -5.7 1.5 9.1 2.8 6.4 7.0 LDS (Leeds) 3955.5 3996.1 4030.0 4051.0 4085.2 4097.4 4124.1 3.0 20.0 20.2 LT (Vilnius) 1982.8 2070.1 2117.6 2169.7 2222.4 2292.3 2370.1 1.6 5.2 5.4 MIKE (Espoo) -192.5 -163.9 -145.6 -117.2 -101.6 -80.9 -73.9 5.0 20.1 20.7 MSL (Lower Hutt) 24.8 39.5 11.7 33.5 38.7 25.2 57.5 2.3 20.4 20.5 NAO (Mizusawa) 182.4 176.9 185.5 187.6 195.9 200.3 208.5 3.2 20.0 20.2 NICT (Tokyo) 17.7 17.2 10.5 8.4 8.4 10.9 12.4 1.2 4.1 4.2 NIM (Beijing) -48.0 -51.3 -51.4 -49.7 -52.1 -46.8 -49.7 3.2 20.3 20.5 NIMB (Bucharest) -662.7 -673.0 -662.8 -684.7 -692.0 -694.4 -706.0 2.5 20.0 20.2 NIMT (Bangkok) -627.5 -664.8 -706.7 -748.4 -787.5 -825.0 -845.3 1.6 20.4 20.5 NIS (Cairo) -19.4 -16.7 -15.9 -9.5 -5.8 -8.3 -11.3 3.0 20.1 20.3 Date 2005 0h UTC NOV 30 DEC 5 DEC 10 DEC 15 DEC 20 DEC 25 DEC 30 Uncertainty/ns Notes MJD 53704 53709 53714 53719 53724 53729 53734 uA uB u Laboratory k [UTC-UTC(k)]/ns NIST (Boulder) 0.6 3.4 2.0 2.6 3.3 3.7 3.9 0.6 4.9 5.0 NMC (Sofiya) -3967.6 -3984.7 -3989.5 -4016.2 -4042.4 -4051.2 -4073.5 5.0 20.1 20.7 NMIJ (Tsukuba) -0.9 0.2 -4.7 -17.8 -18.3 -16.8 -15.3 1.4 6.4 6.6 NMLS (Shah Alam) -290.7 -292.4 -302.2 -300.6 -303.8 -304.7 -306.6 3.2 20.4 20.6 NPL (Teddington) 64.3 60.5 54.5 51.1 48.4 45.4 40.9 0.7 2.1 2.2 NPLI (New-Delhi) -86.2 -74.4 -74.2 -76.6 -59.3 -49.5 -51.9 2.5 7.2 7.6 NRC (Ottawa) 10.9 8.5 11.2 20.3 21.2 17.3 15.9 3.0 14.9 15.2 NTSC (Lintong) 4.7 8.6 6.5 3.0 3.8 4.1 3.5 2.7 6.3 6.9 OMH (Budapest) 10639.5 10673.9 10670.3 10701.1 10712.3 10725.0 10752.3 2.5 20.0 20.2 ONBA (Buenos Aires) -3567.7 -3500.4 -3468.5 -3376.9 -3332.3 -3317.9 -3370.1 5.0 7.2 8.7 ONRJ (Rio de Janeiro) 5207.1 5266.8 5321.7 5366.7 5420.3 5481.8 5534.4 5.0 20.6 21.2 OP (Paris) -0.3 0.1 -0.3 -4.1 -6.2 -8.5 -4.3 0.6 2.0 2.1 ORB (Bruxelles) -64.3 -47.5 -14.1 -15.9 -18.2 -18.0 -17.9 0.8 5.2 5.3 (1) PL (Warszawa) -0.2 6.2 -1.1 -2.9 -9.6 -0.2 3.4 1.5 4.9 5.1 PTB (Braunschweig) 4.9 8.1 5.8 1.5 -4.0 -5.8 -7.7 0.4 1.5 1.5 ROA (San Fernando) -66.9 -68.4 -58.1 -46.9 -30.8 -21.5 -23.4 0.8 5.1 5.2 SCL (Hong Kong) -23.8 -20.4 -28.6 -35.5 -39.8 -44.7 -40.3 4.1 10.6 11.4 SG (Singapore) 24.0 30.3 22.1 23.3 25.0 26.8 26.2 3.2 20.4 20.7 SMU (Bratislava) -102.3 - - - - - - 5.0 20.1 20.7 SP (Boras) -6.4 -5.5 -1.9 -1.3 -2.5 -4.0 3.9 0.8 9.7 9.7 SU (Moskva) 8.7 9.9 13.3 12.1 14.6 15.0 15.2 3.0 5.1 5.9 TCC (Concepcion) -2167.3 -2176.6 -2201.7 -2246.7 -2269.7 -2279.9 -2281.9 5.0 20.5 21.1 TL (Chung-Li) 17.8 17.2 13.9 12.3 11.8 13.1 10.8 1.4 6.3 6.4 TP (Praha) 48.8 67.9 75.6 89.0 90.2 81.0 73.7 2.5 5.2 5.8 (2) UME (Gebze-Kocaeli) 978.8 983.1 986.8 1000.6 1003.9 1017.9 1020.2 15.0 20.1 25.0 USNO (Washington DC) -3.8 -3.4 -2.3 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.5 1.5 1.6 VSL (Delft) -70.6 -59.5 -61.8 -56.7 -38.2 -24.9 -7.7 0.7 3.3 3.4 - Notes on section 1: (1) ORB : Change of master clock between MJD 53706 and MJD 53714. (2) TP : Change of master clock on MJD 53720. 2 - International Atomic Time TAI and Local atomic time scales TA(k). Computed values of [TAI-TA(k)]. Date 2005 0h UTC NOV 30 DEC 5 DEC 10 DEC 15 DEC 20 DEC 25 DEC 30 MJD 53704 53709 53714 53719 53724 53729 53734 Laboratory k [TAI-TA(k)]/ns CH (Bern) 51674.1 51717.8 51755.7 51797.0 51837.3 51879.6 51919.6 F (Paris) 168526.7 168520.5 168516.2 168509.9 168506.5 168500.1 168496.3 IEN (Torino) 48420.5 48553.2 48687.4 48835.2 48971.7 49121.8 49264.9 JATC (Lintong) -38344.8 -38390.1 -38425.1 -38467.6 -38511.2 -38549.1 -38592.9 KRIS (Daejeon) 10010.2 10102.0 10145.6 10186.7 10238.5 10291.8 10346.5 NICT (Tokyo) 211136.3 211349.5 211560.2 211773.0 211988.8 212201.4 212414.7 NIST (Boulder) -45286078.4 -45286271.3 -45286468.2 -45286663.1 -45286857.9 -45287053.0 -45287248.3 NRC (Ottawa) 29315.0 29317.1 29324.0 29337.5 29342.8 29343.2 29346.3 NTSC (Lintong) 2010.7 2033.0 2054.5 2072.3 2097.3 2121.5 2142.4 PL (Warszawa) -3387.4 -3392.4 -3407.7 -3417.0 -3428.4 -3436.5 -3448.0 PTB (Braunschweig) -358478.1 -358467.4 -358462.2 -358459.0 -358457.0 -358451.3 -358445.8 SU (Moskva) 27241758.8 27241770.4 27241784.1 27241793.3 27241806.2 27241817.0 27241827.5 (1) TL (Chung-Li) 201.3 206.6 206.5 210.2 215.7 223.6 223.4 USNO (Washington DC) -34966311.5 -34966617.4 -34966923.4 -34967228.3 -34967533.9 -34967840.6 -34968146.6 - Note on section 2: (1) SU : Listed values are TAI-TA(SU) - 2.80 seconds. 3 - Difference between the normalized frequencies of EAL (free atomic time scale) and TAI. Interval of validity f(EAL)-f(TAI) Steering correction 53704 - 53734 6.856x10**-13 (2005 NOV 30 - 2005 DEC 30) New correction 53734 - 53764 6.850x10**-13 (2005 DEC 30 - 2006 JAN 29) New correction foreseen 53764 - 53794 6.844x10**-13 (2006 JAN 29 - 2006 FEB 28) 4 - Duration of the TAI scale interval. TAI is a realization of coordinate time TT. The following tables give the fractional deviation d of the scale interval of TAI from that of TT (the SI second on the geoid), i.e. the fractional frequency deviation of TAI with the opposite sign: d = -yTAI. In this section, a frequency over a time interval is defined as the ratio of the end-point phase difference to the duration of the interval. Whenever needed, the instability of EAL should be expressed as the quadratic sum of three components with t in days: (1) a white frequency noise of 3.0x10**-15 / sqrt(t), (2) a flicker frequency noise of 0.5x10**-15 and (3) a random walk frequency noise of 1.0x10**-16 x sqrt(t). The relation between EAL and TAI is given in Circular T and the Annual Report of the BIPM Time Section. In the first table, d is obtained, on the given periods of estimation by comparison of the TAI frequency with that of the given individual Primary Frequency Standards (PFS). In this table: uA is the uncertainty originating in the instability of the PFS, uB is the combined uncertainty from systematic effects, Ref(uB) is a reference giving information on the stated value of uB or is the Circular T where this reference was first given, ul/lab is the uncertainty in the link between the PFS and the clock participating to TAI, including the uncertainty due to the dead-time, ul/TAI is the uncertainty in the link to TAI, u is the quadratic sum of all four uncertainty values. All values are expressed in 10**-15. Standard Period of d uA uB Ref(uB) ul/Lab ul/Tai u Note Estimation SYRTE-JPO 53679 53704 11.4 0.9 6.3 T160 0.3 1.2 6.5 (1) SYRTE-JPO 53709 53724 12.3 1.2 6.3 T160 0.3 2.0 6.7 (1) PTB-CS1 53704 53734 -1.6 5.0 8.0 T148 0.0 1.0 9.5 (2) PTB-CS2 53704 53734 4.6 3.0 12.0 T148 0.0 1.0 12.4 (2) Notes: (1) Report 6 Jan. 2006 by LNE-SYRTE. (2) Continuously operating as a clock participating to TAI. The second table gives the BIPM estimate of d, based on all available PFS measurements over the period MJD 53344-53734, taking into account their individual uncertainties and characterizing the instability of EAL as noted above. u is the computed standard uncertainty of d Period of estimation d u 53704-53734 4.1x10**-15 1.7x10**-15 (2005 NOV 30 - 2005 DEC 30) 5 - Relations of UTC and TAI with GPS time and GLONASS time. [UTC-GPS time] = -13 s + C0, [TAI-GPS time] = 19 s + C0, global uncertainty is of order 10 ns. [UTC-GLONASS time] = 0 s + C1, [TAI-GLONASS time] = 32 s + C1, global uncertainty is of order hundreds ns. The C0 values are obtained using the values [UTC-UTC(OP)] and the GPS data taken at the Paris Observatory, corrected for IGS precise orbits, clocks and ionosphere maps. The C1 values are obtained using the values [UTC-UTC(AOS)] and the GLONASS data taken at the Astrogeodynamical Observatory Borowiec (AOS). N0 and N1 are the numbers of measurements, when N0 or N1 is 0, the corresponding values of C0 or C1 are interpolated. The standard deviations S0 and S1 characterize the dispersion of individual measurements. The actual uncertainty of user's access to GPS and GLONASS times may differ from these values. For this circular, S0 = 2.1 ns, S1 = 15.8 ns Date 2005 0h UTC MJD C0/ns N0 C1/ns N1 NOV 30 53704 -10.9 45 -76.3 82 DEC 1 53705 -9.5 45 -81.2 86 DEC 2 53706 -7.8 45 -89.7 65 DEC 3 53707 -9.5 44 -94.3 70 DEC 4 53708 -10.6 43 -85.2 54 DEC 5 53709 -10.3 45 -83.7 34 DEC 6 53710 -8.9 45 -92.2 85 DEC 7 53711 -8.8 44 -98.2 85 DEC 8 53712 -11.4 44 -103.5 89 DEC 9 53713 -13.6 45 -100.0 77 DEC 10 53714 -11.2 44 -92.9 81 DEC 11 53715 -10.7 42 -96.1 85 DEC 12 53716 -12.6 45 -99.9 85 DEC 13 53717 -10.6 43 -91.7 84 DEC 14 53718 -7.4 44 -83.9 83 DEC 15 53719 -6.0 45 -85.8 62 DEC 16 53720 -4.1 42 -96.4 83 DEC 17 53721 -3.8 45 -111.6 81 DEC 18 53722 -3.7 43 -107.2 84 DEC 19 53723 -6.7 42 -94.1 73 DEC 20 53724 -10.3 44 -112.4 64 DEC 21 53725 -8.4 42 -164.9 69 DEC 22 53726 -7.5 45 -175.8 88 DEC 23 53727 -5.5 45 -164.1 78 DEC 24 53728 -7.3 45 -157.2 80 DEC 25 53729 -8.1 45 -153.9 74 DEC 26 53730 -7.7 45 -155.1 81 DEC 27 53731 -10.7 43 -160.3 80 DEC 28 53732 -11.1 43 -148.2 82 DEC 29 53733 -10.1 43 -138.3 87 DEC 30 53734 -7.2 44 -140.2 89 6 - Time links used for the computation of TAI and their uncertainties. The time links used in the elaboration of this Circular T are listed in this section. The technique for the link is indicated as follows: GPS SC for GPS common-view single-channel C/A data; GPS MC for GPS common-view multi-channel C/A data; GPS P3 for GPS common-view multi-channel dual-frequency P code data; GPS GT for 'GPS time' observations; INT LK for internal cable link and TWSTFT for two-way satellite time and frequency transfer data. For each link, the following uncertainties are provided: uA is the statistical uncertainty evaluated by taking into account the level of phase noise in the raw data, the interpolation interval between data points and the effects with typical duration between 5 and 30 days. uB is the uncertainty on the calibration, estimated by the BIPM. The calibration type of the link is indicated as: GPS EC for GPS equipment calibration; TW EC for two-way equipment calibration; LC (technique) for a link calibrated using 'technique'; BC (technique) for a link calibrated using 'technique' to transfer a past equipment calibration through a discontinuity of link operation. The calibration dates indicate: the most recent calibration results for the two laboratories in the case of EC and the most recent calibration of the link in the case of LC and BC, NA stands for not available, in this case estimated values are provided Link Type uA/ns uB/ns Calibration Type Calibration Dates AOS /PTB GPS MC 1.5 5.0 GPS EC /GPS EC 2003 Sep/2003 Aug APL /USNO GPS MC 1.5 5.0 GPS EC /GPS EC 2003 Dec/2003 Dec AUS /NICT GPS MC 3.0 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2002 Sep/2003 Nov BEV /PTB GPS MC 1.5 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2001 Dec/2003 Aug BIRM/NICT GPS MC 2.5 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Nov CAO /PTB GPS MC 1.5 7.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2004 Nov/2003 Aug CH /PTB GPS P3 0.7 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2004 Nov/2004 Aug CNM /NIST GPS SC 5.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Dec CNMP/USNO GPS MC 4.0 7.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2002 Oct/2003 Dec CSIR/PTB GPS MC 3.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug DLR /PTB GPS P3 NA NA DTAG/PTB GPS SC 3.0 10.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 1998 May/2003 Aug HKO /NICT GPS MC 3.0 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2004 Apr/2003 Nov IEN /PTB TWSTFT 0.5 1.5 BC (TWSTFT) 2005 May IFAG/PTB GPS P3 0.7 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2003 Jun/2004 Aug IGMA/USNO GPS MC 5.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Dec INPL/PTB GPS SC 4.0 10.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 1987 Jun/2003 Jun JATC/NTSC INT LK 0.2 20.0 NA NA JV /PTB GPS GT 5.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug KRIS/NICT GPS MC 2.5 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2003 Oct/2003 Nov Link Type uA/ns uB/ns Calibration Type Calibration Dates LDS /PTB GPS SC 3.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug LT /PTB GPS MC 1.5 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2001 Nov/2003 Aug MIKE/PTB GPS MC 5.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug MSL /NICT GPS P3 2.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2005 Jun NAO /NICT GPS SC 3.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Nov NICT/PTB GPS P3 1.5 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2005 Jun/2004 Aug NIM /NICT GPS SC 3.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Nov NIMB/PTB GPS MC 2.5 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug NIMT/NICT GPS P3 1.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2005 Jun NIS /PTB GPS MC 3.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug NIST/PTB TWSTFT 0.5 5.0 BC(GPS P3) 2005 May NMC /PTB GPS SC 5.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug NMIJ/NICT GPS P3 0.7 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2002 Apr/2005 Jun NMLS/NICT GPS MC 3.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Nov NPL /PTB TWSTFT 0.5 1.5 BC(GPS P3) 2005 May NPLI/PTB GPS MC 2.5 7.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2005 Jul/2003 Aug NRC /USNO GPS SC 3.0 15.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 1982 /2003 Dec NTSC/NICT GPS MC 2.5 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2002 Aug/2003 Oct OMH /PTB GPS SC 2.5 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug ONBA/USNO GPS MC 5.0 7.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2000 Oct/2003 Dec ONRJ/NIST GPS SC 5.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Dec OP /PTB TWSTFT 0.5 1.5 BC(GPS P3) 2005 May ORB /PTB GPS P3 0.7 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2003 Jul/2004 Aug PL /PTB GPS MC 1.5 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2001 Oct/2003 Aug ROA /PTB TWSTFT 0.7 5.0 BC(GPS P3) 2005 May SCL /NICT GPS SC 4.0 10.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 1993 May/2003 Nov SG /NICT GPS MC 3.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Nov SMU /PTB GPS SC 5.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug SP /PTB GPS P3 0.7 10.0 LC(GPS SC) 2004 Nov SU /PTB GPS SC 3.0 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2003 Apr/2003 Aug TCC /NIST GPS SC 5.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Dec TL /NICT GPS P3 0.7 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2005 May/2005 Jun TP /PTB GPS SC 2.5 5.0 GPS EC/GPS EC 2001 Oct/2003 Aug UME /PTB GPS SC 15.0 20.0 NA /GPS EC NA /2003 Aug USNO/PTB TWSTFT 0.5 1.1 BC(TW X-Band) 2005 May VSL /PTB TWSTFT 0.5 3.0 BC(GPS SC) 2005 May